How to Label Generations on a Family Tree

Chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure

Example of a family tree. Reading left to correct Lucas Grey is the father of iii children, the grandfather of five grandchildren and the bully-grandpa of 3 siblings Joseph, John and Laura Wetter.

Family tree showing the human relationship of each person to the orange person, including cousins and factor share

A family tree, also chosen a genealogy or a pedigree chart, is a nautical chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure. More detailed family unit trees, as used in medicine and social piece of work, are known as genograms.

Representations of family unit history [edit]

Genealogical data can be represented in several formats, for case, as a pedigree or ancestry chart . Family unit trees are oft presented with the oldest generations at the top of the tree and the younger generations at the bottom. An beginnings chart, which is a tree showing the ancestors of an individual and not all members of a family, will more closely resemble a tree in shape, being wider at the top than at the bottom. In some ancestry charts, an private appears on the left and his or her ancestors appear to the correct. Conversely, a descendant chart, which depicts all the descendants of an individual, volition exist narrowest at the top. Beyond these formats, some family unit trees might include all members of a particular surname (e.1000., male-line descendants). Even so another approach is to include all holders of a certain office, such equally the Kings of Federal republic of germany, which represents the reliance on marriage to link dynasties together.

The passage of time can also be included to illustrate ancestry and descent. A fourth dimension calibration is often used, expanding radially across the centre, divided into decades. Children of the parent form branches around the middle and their names are plotted in their birth yr on the time scale. Spouses' names join children's names and nuclear families of parents and children co-operative off to grandchildren, and then on. Great-grandparents are often in the center to portray four or 5 generations, which reflect the natural growth pattern of a tree as seen from the meridian. In a descendant tree, living relatives are common on the outer branches and contemporary cousins appear next to each other. Privacy should exist considered when preparing a living family unit tree.^{[ citation needed ]}

The image of the tree probably originated with that of the Tree of Jesse in medieval art,^[1] used to illustrate the Genealogy of Christ in terms of a prophecy of Isaiah (Isaiah 11:ane). Perchance the beginning non-biblical use, and the first to prove full family relationships rather than a purely patrilineal scheme, was that involving family copse of the classical gods in Boccaccio's Genealogia Deorum Gentilium ("On the Genealogy of the Gods of the Gentiles"), whose get-go version dates to 1360.^[ii]

Common formats [edit]

In add-on to familiar representations of family unit history and genealogy as a tree structure, in that location are other notable systems used to illustrate and document ancestry and descent.

Ahnentafel [edit]

An Ahnentafel (German for "antecedent tabular array") is a genealogical numbering system for listing a person's direct ancestors in a fixed sequence of ascent:

1. Subject (or proband)
2. Male parent
3. Mother
4. Paternal gramps
5. Paternal grandmother
6. Maternal grandpa
7. Maternal grandmother

and and then on, back through the generations. Apart from the subject or proband, who can be male or female person, all even-numbered persons are male, and all odd-numbered persons are female person. In this scheme, the number of any person'southward father is double the person'due south number, and a person'southward mother is double the person's number plus 1. This organization can likewise be displayed equally a tree:

							4. Paternal grandfather
				two. Father
							5. Paternal grandmother
	one Subject area (or proband)
							vi. Maternal grandfather
				3. Mother
							vii. Maternal grandmother

Fan chart [edit]

Screenshot of Gramps (v. 5.0.one) displaying a fan chart and the Given name deject gramplet on the bottom.

A fan chart features a half circle nautical chart with concentric rings: the field of study is the inner circumvolve, the second circumvolve is divided in 2 (each side is one parent), the third circle is divided in four, and so forth. Fan charts depict paternal and maternal ancestors.

Graph theory [edit]

While family trees are depicted every bit trees, family relations practise not in full general form a tree in the strict sense used in graph theory, since distant relatives tin mate. Therefore, a person can have a common ancestor on both their mother's and father's side. However, because a parent must be born before their kid, an individual cannot exist their ain antecedent, and thus there are no loops. In this regard, ancestry forms a directed acyclic graph. Yet, graphs depicting matrilineal descent (mother-daughter relationships) and patrilineal descent (father-son relationships) do course trees. Assuming no common antecedent, an ancestry nautical chart is a perfect binary tree, as each person has exactly ane mother and 1 father; these thus take a regular structure. A Descendant chart, on the other hand, does not, in full general, take a regular structure, every bit a person tin take whatsoever number of children or none at all.

Notable examples [edit]

Family trees are an historic period-one-time phenomenon. This instance dates from the sixteenth century.^[3]

Family copse have been used to certificate family histories across time and cultures throughout the earth.

Africa [edit]

In Africa, the ruling dynasty of Ethiopia claimed descent from King Solomon via the Queen of Sheba. Through this merits, the family unit traced their descent back to the House of David.

The genealogy of Aboriginal Egyptian ruling dynasties was recorded from the beginnings of the Pharaonic era circa 3000 BC to the terminate of the Ptolomaic Kingdom; although this is non a tape of i continuously-linked family lineage, and surviving records are incomplete.

Elsewhere in Africa, oral traditions of genealogical recording predominate. Members of the Keita dynasty of Mali, for example, have had their pedigrees sung by griots during annual ceremonies since the 14th century. Meanwhile, in Nigeria, many ruling clans–most notably those descended from Oduduwa–claim descent from the legendary Rex Kisra. Here also, pedigrees are recited by griots fastened to the royal courts.^[4]

The Americas [edit]

In some pre-contact Native American civilizations, genealogical records of ruling and priestly families were kept, some of which extended over several centuries or longer.

Eastern asia [edit]

There are all-encompassing genealogies for the ruling dynasties of China, but these practise not form a single, unified family tree. Additionally, it is unclear at which point(s) the most aboriginal historical figures named become mythological.

In Japan, the ancestry of the Regal Family unit is traced back to the mythological origins of Nippon. The connectedness to persons from the established historical record just begins in the mid-first millennium AD.

The longest family unit tree in the world is that of the Chinese philosopher and educator Confucius (551–479 BC), who is descended from Male monarch Tang (1675–1646 BC). The tree spans more than 80 generations from him and includes more 2 million members. An international effort involving more than than 450 branches effectually the world was started in 1998 to retrace and revise this family tree. A new edition of the Confucius genealogy was printed in September 2009 past the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee, to coincide with the 2560th anniversary of the nascency of the Chinese thinker. This latest edition was expected to include some 1.iii million living members who are scattered effectually the earth today.^[v]

Europe and W Asia [edit]

Before the Dark Ages, in the Greco-Roman world, some reliable pedigrees dated dorsum perhaps at to the lowest degree as far as the start half of the offset millennium BC; with claimed or mythological origins reaching back further. Roman clan and family unit lineages played an important function in the structure of their social club and were the footing of their intricate system of personal names. Yet, there was a break in the continuity of record-keeping at the end of Classical Antiquity. Records of the lines of succession of the Popes and the Eastern Roman Emperors through this transitional period have survived, only these are non continuous genealogical histories of unmarried families. Refer to descent from artifact.

Many noble and aristocratic families of European and West Asian origin can reliably trace their ancestry back as far as the mid to late starting time millennium AD; some claiming undocumented descent from Classical Artifact or mythological ancestors. In Europe, for example, the pedigree of Niall Noígíallach would be a contender for the longest, through Conn of the Hundred Battles (fl. 123 Ad)^{[ citation needed ]}; in the legendary history of Ireland, he is further descended from Breogán, and ultimately from Adam, through the sons of Noah.

Another very old and extensive tree is that of the Lurie lineage—which includes Sigmund Freud and Martin Buber—and traces dorsum to Lurie, a 13th-century rabbi in Brest-Litovsk, and from there to Rashi and purportedly back to the legendary King David, every bit documented by Neil Rosenstein in his book The Lurie Legacy.^[six] The 1999 edition of the Guinness Book of Records recorded the Lurie family in the "longest lineage" category as one of the oldest-known living families in the world today.^[vii]

Family trees and representations of lineages are also of import in religious traditions. The biblical genealogies of Jesus likewise claim descent from the Firm of David, covering a catamenia of approximately 1000 years. In the Torah and Old Testament, genealogies are provided for many biblical persons, including a record of the descendants of Adam. Also according to the Torah, the Kohanim are descended from Aaron. Genetic testing performed at the Technion has shown that most modern Kohanim share common Y-chromosome origins, although there is no complete family tree of the Kohanim. In the Islamic earth, claimed descent from the prophet Muhammad greatly enhanced the status of political and religious leaders; new dynasties oftentimes used claims of such descent to help establish their legitimacy.

Elsewhere [edit]

Elsewhere, in many human cultures, clan and tribal associations are based on claims of common beginnings, although detailed documentation of those origins is ofttimes very express.

Other uses [edit]

The writer Pete Frame is notable for having produced "family trees" of rock bands. In this instance, the entries represent a membership of certain groups, and personnel changes inside them, rather than family relationships. Several books have been produced with his family copse,^[8] which in turn accept led to a BBC television set series about them, including interviews from the bands depicted in the trees.^[nine]

Another common use is in the creation of episcopal trees in Christian traditions that believe in churchly succession. In this example, the connection is non made through claret, but through the gild of succession of bishops.

Run across too [edit]

• GEDCOM
• Genealogical numbering systems
• Genealogy software
• Genogram
• List of family trees
• Pedigree chart
• Tree of life (biology)
• WikiTree

References [edit]

1. ^ Simon Julian Gilmour (2000) Daz Sint Noch Ungelogeniu Wort: A Literary and Linguistic Commentary on the Gurnemanz Episode in Book III of Wolfram's Parzival. Universitätsverlag Winter, 2000. p.64
2. ^ writer., Boccaccio, Giovanni, 1313–1375 (14 October 2020). The decameron. ISBN978-0-393-42788-2. OCLC 1155486357.
3. ^ "Stambomen van de families de Cordes, de Langhe, Bouckaert, Berquyn en Steelant [manuscript]". lib.ugent.be . Retrieved 2020-08-27 .
4. ^ "What Is A Griot And Why Are They Of import". theculturetrip.com.
5. ^ Confucius family unit tree has two one thousand thousand members from China Daily, unknown date, updated Feb 16, 2008
6. ^ Neil Rosenstein, Ranan R. Lurie. The Lurie Legacy: The Firm of Davidic Majestic Descent. ISBN978-one-886223-17-ii.
7. ^ Bill Gladstone (October 24, 2004). "The oldest family in the world". JTA.
8. ^ Amazon – Even More Rock Family copse. ASIN 1844490076.
9. ^ "BBC Four : Rock Family Trees". Retrieved xx September 2012.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Family copse at Wikimedia Commons

palaciosfrand1961.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree

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